Using of special trainings to develop some of physical and functional abilities and their influence a at the level of football referee for elected serial in Baghdad governorate
Author1 : Dr .Fardi zadeh Reda
Department of exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Psychology,
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Author2 : Belal Abdulhamza Azeez
PhD student
Department of exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Psychology
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Anthor3: Murad Khalil Hassan
PhD student
Department of exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Psychology
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Author4: Mohammed Abdulhamza Ismael
PhD student
Department of exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Psychology
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
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Abstract
Thesis was contained of fifth chapters
first chapter include : Research introduction and it's importance
Upon the Research goals as follow :
• prepared of special trainings to develop some of the physical and functional abilities .
• To know the effects of special trainings of developing some of functional and physical abilities
• to know the level of referee' football performance for serial election .
The research hypotheses were :
• there were differences that have many of moral identifications between preceding and later results of the tests for variables under study and for the future tests and for the interests of future amending .
• there were differences that have many of moral identifications between preceding and later results of the tests for level of referee' football performance for serial election .
Research fields
Human field : (12 ) referee from the referee of football serial election in Baghdad governorate for football season 2023-2024
The timing field : period from 1/10/2023 till 22/12/2023
Location field : the football quarter union ,international people stadium and some stadium 's clubs which to hold of the election serial matches
Second chapter :
Researcher mentioned many of subjects that related to research content the most important were as follow :
Football referee of special trainings and the most majority were the required standards at special practices and physical abilities and the basic physical abilities and the major functional abilities to the referee of football and the manner of amending the referee performance and some similar studies
Third chapter :
Researcher used the experimental curriculum and the research of the society and sample selection from refereeof the serial of Iraqi's election in Baghdad governorate for the season 2023 -2024 and their account were (16 ) of refereein reality of (5 ) referee as international referee and (11 ) as referee from the first degree ,and the researcher of his scouting experiment to get benefit for arrangement of the main experiment .
Measuring the tall and the weight and the know of the age
The researcher used physical and functional tests and referee's amending document and for distance measuring instrument that passed by referee during the match .
The pre- test done and picturing video as the done of mainly experiment after the distance test and got on results at the same way and the results were treated by statistical means ( (statistical program SPSS )
Fourth chapter :
This section includes a presentation of the results obtained by the researcher from the physical and functional tests conducted before and after the exercises. For brevity, the results obtained by the researcher before the implementation of the exercises are referred to as "pre-exercise" results, while the results obtained after the implementation of the exercises are referred to as "post-exercise" results. To accomplish this, a program called [insert program name] .
4-1 Presenting, explaining and analyzing the results of pre- and post-physical abilities tests:
Variables measruing unit Number of vocabulary the test Arithmetic mean deviation
Standard Standard error
meter 200 test second 10
the pre 35,4 2,5 0,81
post 32,6 2 0,63
40 meter test
second 10
the pre 6,07 0,26 0,08
post 5,51 0,31 0,09
meter 4× 10 test second 10
the pre 10,6 0,39 0,12
post 10,2 0,31 0,09
Km
10
the pre 8,12 611 193
post 8,21 656 207
Judgment evaluation score point of 10 10
the pre 8,4 0,.39 0,12
post 8,6 0,21 0,06
Regarding the 200-meter test, the mean time to complete the distance decreased from 35.4 seconds to 32.6 seconds, a difference of 2.8 seconds or a percentage decrease of 13.5%. This indicates a significant improvement in the participants' performance as a result of the training program.
Additionally, the standard deviation of the performance decreased from 0.81 to 0.63, a difference of 0.18 or a percentage decrease of 22%. This reduction in the standard deviation suggests that the data points became more consistent and less dispersed, indicating increased consistency in the participants' performance.
Furthermore, the standard deviation, which measures the dispersion or spread of data points from the mean, decreased from 2.5 to 2, a percentage decrease of 22%. This implies that the individual measurements were closer to the mean and closer to each other, indicating a decrease in the likelihood of extreme values.
The researcher attributes the improvement in the results of the speed endurance test to the use of speed and endurance training exercises, which led to better development of this physical capacity in the 200-meter sprint time.
Overall, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of the implemented training exercises in enhancing the participants' performance and improving their speed endurance capabilities.
4-2 Presenting, explaining and analyzing the results of the pre- and post-function tests
Variables measruing unit Number of vocabulary the test Arithmetic mean standard deviation Standard error
Vital capacity L
10
the pre 3,72 386 122
post 3,97 348 110
VO2Max
L/kg/min 10
the pre 51,4 1,31 0,41
post 60,9 0,83 0,26
It appears that there are statistically significant differences in the results of the pre-test and post-test functional tests for the vocabulary sample under study. The mean of the pre-test for the vocabulary sample was 3.72 liters, while it increased to 3.97 liters after the prepared exercises, indicating an increase of 0.25 liters or 9%. Additionally, the standard deviation of the mean decreased from 122 for the pre-test measurement to 110, which is a good indicator. Assuming that the pre-test and post-test results are two samples from the same population, statistics considers the sample with the lower standard deviation to be the more consistent and suitable for comparison.
Moreover, the standard deviation followed the same trend, decreasing from 386 for the pre-test measurement to 348 for the post-test measurement. This is a good indicator for the post-tests since the standard deviation is one of the best measures of dispersion, measuring how far values deviate from their mean or their spread. The lower the standard deviation, the more moderate the vocabulary sample is.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.
Regarding the maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2Max) tests, which are measured in liters per kilogram per minute, the study's tables (9) and (10) show an increase in the mean from 51.4 to 60.9 liters per kilogram per minute. This reflects an absolute increase of 9.5 liters per kilogram per minute. This is a positive and significant indicator of the exercises performed by the research sample.
Furthermore, the standard error of the mean decreased from 0.41 for the pre-test measurement to 0.26 for the post-test measurement. This is also a good indicator. Assuming that the pre-test and post-test results are two samples from the same population, statistics suggest that the sample with the lower standard error is more consistent and should be chosen for comparison purposes.
The researcher attributes this improvement to the effectiveness of the prescribed exercises, which help develop the cardiovascular and respiratory systems by using appropriate training loads tailored to the research sample's fitness level. The researcher also considered individual differences among the research sample and relied on scientific methods to determine exercise intensity and duration.
The development of maximal oxygen consumption indicates increased energy expenditure and greater work output by the muscles, which receive oxygen from the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Therefore, Vo2Max reflects the development of three crucial systems in the body: the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, and the muscular system. This means that supplying sufficient oxygen to the muscles must be accompanied by a corresponding consumption by the working muscles to produce the necessary energy for prolonged physical effort without experiencing signs of fatigue.
Conclusions ;
Researcher concluded for the major results as follow :
1) The special trainings lead to develop the physical abilities ( speed resistance and speed and fitness ) the sample was from referees
2) the special trainings have positive effects to develop the functional ( the maximum consumption for oxygen ( VO2 Max ) and vital capacity ) for the referees of the sample .
3) the use of special trainings to appearance the development for the sample individuals at the level of referees performance during match .
research recommendations as follow :
1) the certainty of systemize training for weekly fixed units
2) the necessity of the use special trainings that prepared from the research at referees practicing and all the judgments degrees because it's develop the speed and fitness and speed burdened as the major thing of referee will be in need to going on of modern match's requirements
3) the fitness coaches relying on physical fitness with who have specialized scientific efficiency of football referees and for all degrees and the certainty of following up and direct supervising from the central Iraqi union of football to support and activate projects which have scientific means that lead to physical of referees' up egression in addition the submitted the referees to prepared training units by scientific cadres specialized with practicing science
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